---
title: "Subscribers"
description: "CBRNe World provides those tasked with defending against CBRN and IED threats with the essential practical, scientific and political information. Access the current and previous issues of the magazine by registering as a member."
url: "https://cbrneworld.com/news/subscribers"
date: "2026-07-30T21:11:15+00:00"
language: "en-GB"
---

[![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2FNews-Images%2FAvon%20MITR-M1%20Half%20Mask.jpg%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=1bfb628c)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3765:avon-protections-mitr-m1-half-mask-achieves-niosh-certification&catid=12)

##  [Avon Protection’s MITR-M1 Half Mask achieves NIOSH Certification](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3765:avon-protections-mitr-m1-half-mask-achieves-niosh-certification&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 16 October 2025.

Avon Protection’s MITR-M1 Half Mask and MITR-PF Compact Particulate Filter have received certification from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) only nine months after its launch into the tactical military, special forces and law enforcement markets.

The certification provides formal and independent recognition that MITR-M1 and MITR-PF have passed NIOSH’s rigorous testing processes and meet government-backed safety, performance and reliability standards.

The NIOSH certification is directly tied to the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), making it critical for user groups where approval for respirator purchasing is tied to NIOSH certification. OSHA stipulates where and when NIOSH-certified respiratory protection is legally and/or contractually required in the United States for workers in sectors such as industrial, emergency response, healthcare, or law enforcement.

NIOSH’s stringent testing assesses respirator filtration efficiency, breathing resistance and the product’s ability to function under a variety of different environmental conditions. It affirms that MITR-PF’s particulate filters exceed stipulated thresholds to filter out airborne particles in the environment; that inhalation and exhalation resistance remains within acceptable limits to prevent fatigue or breathing difficulty; and that it is resistant to operations in heat, cold and humidity, and can withstand rough handling.

“We designed the MITR half mask to give our users safe, convenient and low-burden respiratory protection that delivers when it matters most, and since its launch it has already redefined protection options for this fast-evolving market,” Steve Elwell, President, Avon Protection said. “We are confident in the quality of all our products and elected to undertake the NIOSH certification process to support our customers in sectors such as US Law Enforcement, where NIOSH is a major requirement.

“We are delighted that MITR has achieved this certification level, independently demonstrating to our user community that we are able to deliver the compliance, protection and operational readiness our users need, to know they will get home safely every time.”

MITR-M1 Half Mask, together with the newly-launched MITR-PG1 Powered Goggle, is designed to provide users with scalable, flexible full-face protection for tactical low- to mid-level threat environments.

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2Fevents%2Fsponsor_logos%2FSmiths%20-%20Feb%202024.png%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=0e8f7dde)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3762:smiths-detection-sets-new-standard-with-future-proof-hold-baggage-and-air-cargo-screening-solution&catid=12)

##  [Smiths Detection sets new standard with future-proof hold baggage and air cargo screening solution](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3762:smiths-detection-sets-new-standard-with-future-proof-hold-baggage-and-air-cargo-screening-solution&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 09 October 2025.

Smiths Detection, a global leader in threat detection and security screening technologies, today announces the launch of the SDX 10080 SCT, a modular, future-proof hold baggage and air cargo screening solution designed to help airports keep pace with change.

The [SDX 10080 SCT](https://www.smithsdetection.com/products/sdx-10080-sct/) combines advanced dual-energy Computed Tomography (CT) to deliver superior detection performance and an optional high-resolution dual-view Line Scanner (LS). Backed by over 50 years of Smiths Detection expertise and innovation, the system offers exceptional modularity, reliability, and efficiency – while being designed to ensure readiness for future regulatory standards. Built on Smiths Detection’s global EDS platform, it brings together decades of expertise from the Centres of Excellence in Germany and the USA.

Flexibility is offered through two configurations – the SDX 10080 SCT and the SDX 10080 SCT LS. The SCT, as a CT-only system, features a compact, energy-efficient design with lower CAPEX. The SCT LS adds a high-resolution Line Scanner, providing 2D images that enables faster, more confident decisions and supports highly reliable alarm resolution. By combining CT and LS in a single system, the SDX 10080 SCT LS also delivers built-in redundancy, ensuring continuous, uninterrupted screening operation.

The SDX 10080 SCT is a future-proof system engineered to keep pace with change. It is designed to meet current ECAC Standard 3.2, TSA 7.3, and achieve ACSTL approval for Explosives Detection Systems (EDS), while its platform strategy ensures readiness for future standards such as ECAC Standard 4.0 or TSA 9.0.

The new hold baggage and air cargo screening solution offers a seamless upgrade path within Standard 3 EDS. Designed as a true drop-in replacement, it maintains full network compatibility and the same physical footprint as existing Smiths Detection hold baggage scanners - eliminating the need for costly terminal redesigns and simplifying the technology transition for airport operations.

“At Smiths Detection, innovation means working closely with customers to solve real operational challenges,” **says Jerome de Chassey, President of Smiths Detection**. “With our long experience in CT technology, we focus on creating systems that are smart, efficient and sustainable. This gives airports and cargo operators practical tools to improve security, reduce costs, and prepare for future demands in aviation.”

The SDX 10080 SCT delivers high operational efficiency with a conveyor speed of 0.5 m/s, dynamic calibration, reduced object spacing, an innovative curtain design, and a large 107 x 81 cm tunnel - enabling throughput of over 1,800 items per hour for uninterrupted screening. A simplified build with a bearing-free gantry and air-based cooling increases uptime while reducing energy use and maintenance - targeting the lowest total cost of ownership in its class.

Fully based on Smiths Detection IP, it also ensures supply chain security, rapid updates, and digital interoperability with platforms such as ELECTORA and application suites such as iCMORE. This unified approach gives airport operators a holistic view of their security ecosystem, supported by real-time intelligence, to simplify the path to a more connected, data-driven airport.

The SDX 10080 SCT is part of Smiths Detection’s broader portfolio of hold baggage and air cargo screening solutions.

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2FCambrian%20.jpg%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=1bdc8bde)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3761:cbrn-during-the-cambrian-period&catid=12)

##  [CBRN during the Cambrian period](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3761:cbrn-during-the-cambrian-period&catid=12)

 Written by Gwyn Winfield on 07 October 2025.

This is an important caveat. Cambrian Patrol is not a CBRN exercise, it '...involves eight-person patrols advancing across challenging terrain, conducting numerous tactical actions which reflect the British Army’s training priorities.' The troops themselves are not CBRN specialists, there are 1,000 troops and 350 supporting staff (with 34 international teams) spread across eight phases over a 48 hour period in an area of Wales called Bannau Brycheiniog (or, in old money, the Brecon Beacons). Another important caveat, is that many nations are struggling to adapt to the changes of the strategic situation, from security assistance to all in warfighting, and the UK should not be seen as an exception.

That all said... *the MoD needs to prioritise CBRN training and awareness for their general troops far more than it has been*. The scenario which the squads were tested against was one that will be familiar to any watchers of the Ukrainian conflict, where a squad that was involved in route proving was targeted by a drone, which dropped chloropicrin. The squad needed to mask up, remove themselves to an upwind location, provide basic detection using detector paper, do immediate decon and safe undressing.

It's fair to say that the squads that I observed, and heard about, did not manage the CBRN element well. Masking time was horrible, personal decon was worse ("Why have you taken your mask off?!") and none of them had even seen the residual vapour detector before, or even carried detector paper. This was in an event which advertised itself as "medical and casualty evacuation scenarios... move through minefields; intelligence gathering; response to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats... conduct artillery fires and vehicle recognition... attack an enemy position and deal with prisoners of war." CBRN should not have been a surprise.

I understand that there is a lot to train young soldiers in, and I am very pleased that CBRN is part of the exercise... but the specialist CBRN soldiers are using casualty models that do not equate to the reality of these soldiers competence. The effectiveness of these troops, based on what I saw, after a release of an agent more toxic than chloropicrin, would be such that ground would have to be given up or any attack called off. Competence in specialist troops alone does not form the basis for deterrence.

The training is good, the equipment is good... but these soldiers need to be have more time to understand the challenges from CBW than they currently do. If they don't then not only will they be at risk from CBW, but they won't see CBRN as anything other than more trouble than it is worth, and it won't engage the next generation of soldiers to become specialists. It'll just seem like impenetrable faff, and competence will drop further.

Thanks to the organisers, 160th (Welsh) Brigade, the British Army’s headquarters in Wales, for hosting me. I hope to be back in the future and see that more time has been dedicated in the training schedule to CBRN.

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2Fevents%2Fsponsor_logos%2FAgilent_Logo_Tag_v_RGB.png%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=a7fc09f9)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3759:agilent-announces-new-insight-series-alarm-resolution-systems-for-airport-security-screening&catid=12)

##  [Agilent Announces New Insight Series Alarm Resolution Systems for Airport Security Screening](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3759:agilent-announces-new-insight-series-alarm-resolution-systems-for-airport-security-screening&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 01 October 2025.

[Agilent Technologies Inc.](http://www.agilent.com) yesterday announced the launch of its new [Insight Series Alarm Resolution Systems](https://www.agilent.com/en/product/molecular-spectroscopy/raman-spectroscopy/raman-aviation-security-systems/insight-series-alarm-resolution-systems), designed to enhance safety and streamline operations at airport security checkpoints worldwide. The Insight Series includes the Insight300M and InsightBLS, advanced liquid explosive detection systems (LEDs) that meet global regulations for screening liquids, aerosols, and gels (LAGs).

With the industry’s lowest false alarm rate and rapid scan times, the Insight Series ensures faster airport passenger flow, reduced operational disruptions, and enhanced threat detection accuracy. These systems are engineered to identify threats through complex barriers, such as opaque containers, or multi-layered materials, delivering a future-proof solution that evolves via simple software upgrades, eliminating the need for costly hardware reinvestment as regulations change.

“The new Insight Series represents a major step up in alarm resolution and detection capability for airports,” said Geoff Winkett, vice president of Agilent’s Spectroscopy and Vacuum Division. “Insight systems continue to be a trusted solution for our airport partners, offering the most efficient and reliable alarm resolution tool available.”

Agilent’s Insight systems work in conjunction with explosive detection systems for cabin baggage such as CT X-ray scanners, to screen LAGs. As global regulations evolve, Insight’s adaptability positions it as the premier solution for emerging threats, including solids and powders.

“The Insight Series is engineered to detect the threats of today and tomorrow,” added Rob Stokes, director of Agilent’s Detection and Security business. “This confirmatory, highly accurate, and selective technology gives security operators the confidence to lift some restrictions for passengers, while maintaining high assurance in safety and security.”

This launch marks a significant milestone in Agilent’s strategic expansion into the airport security market, building on its 2017 acquisition of Cobalt Light Systems and proven the success of the Insight100 and Insight200M systems.

The launch coincides with Agilent’s presence at the International Security Expo (ISE) in London, where the company will showcase the Insight Series.

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/images/aerosol_dispersion_simulation_denmark.v1.1.png#thumbnail=%2C&srcset=1)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3758:rapid-communication-cbrne-implications-of-drone-incursions-in-denmark&catid=12)

##  [Rapid communication – CBRNe implications of drone incursions in Denmark](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3758:rapid-communication-cbrne-implications-of-drone-incursions-in-denmark&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 25 September 2025.

Authors: Lars Thomsen, Soiwisa Soikum and Sergii Makovetskii

Gnacode Inc. 11 Sunrise Way SW, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1B4S3, Canada

Corresponding author: Lars Thomsen email: [](https://cbrneworld.com/javascript:/*%20This%20email%20address%20is%20being%20protected%20from%20spambots.*/)

Recent incursions in Europe by large numbers of drones reported in Poland the 10th of September 20251, and the 3rd of January in Denmark2 and very recently in Denmark the 24th September 20253 raises the concern that such devices could be utilized to disseminate biological weapons in aerosol format4.

The 24th of September drone incursions were observed in Denmark by an unknown large number of drones of unknown origin. The incursions targeted military installations such as naval bases and air bases, and other airports.

In a simulation scenario of a biological attack, we used the approximate geolocation of 6 confirmed sites in Denmark widely published in various media as being the location of sighted drones. One report was made by citizens near Karup Airbase which hosts the Danish Air Command, this has not been confirmed by official sources but reported in the Danish news media5.

We simulated a spread of a 50 kg (110 lb) weapons grade biological agent per drone, which is the payload of the Iranian produced HESA Shahed 136 drone. A weapons grade powder of 50 kg (110 lb) can contain 5E16 CFU of Anthrax spiked with Smallpox per drone. We chose delivery as a single point dissemination, at a height of 10 meters, and we integrated the aerosol concentration from 0 to 4 meters above ground and tracked the spread over 24 hours, by a simple dispersion algorithm developed in Python and available wind data See Note 1.. In Denmark the 24th of September the wind direction was South-East bound. The results are shown in Figure 1.

The simulation shows that 13 out of 21 military installations would be affected. The 24th of September was characterized by low wind speeds of 2.50 m/sec, which is ideal for effective high concentration dissemination in the affected areas. A biological attack would go unseen, due to lack of biological monitoring and first be reported when people in the affected areas start to report sickness. An incubation period of 5–14 days is expected due to the incubation period of the diseases. Once in effect the Danish defense in the affected areas would be partially or fully incapacitated. Hereto, all airports were affected which will cause the infections to spread rapidly to other countries by contaminated passengers, a topic that has been extensively modelled during the Covid-19 pandemic6.

Note 1: Open-source codes available at the company’s GitHub site, access can be given upon request.

1. Charlish, A., Kelly, L. & Erling, B. Poland downs drones in its airspace, becoming first NATO member to fire during war in Ukraine. *Reuters* (2025).
2. Danish police investigate mystery drone sightings – DW – 01/04/2025. *dw.com* https://www.dw.com/en/danish-police-investigate-mystery-drone-sightings/a-71217317.
3. Drones disrupt Danish airports again, Russia denies involvement. *Reuters* (2025).
4. Lars Thomsen, Soiwisa Soikum, & Sergii Makovetskii. Rapid communication – CBRNe implications of drone incursions in Europe. https://cbrneworld.com/news/rapid-communication-cbrne-implications-of-drone-incursions-in-europe.
5. Lauridsen, A. L. Flere midt- og vestjyder mener at have set droner. *TV MIDTVEST* https://www.tvmidtvest.dk/midt-og-vestjylland/flere-midt-og-vestjyder-mener-at-have-set-droner-9f178 (2025).
6. Kuo, P.-F. & Chiu, C.-S. Airline transportation and arrival time of international disease spread: A case study of Covid-19. *PLOS ONE* **16**, e0256398 (2021).

![](https://cbrneworld.com/images/aerosol_dispersion_simulation_denmark.v1.1.png)

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2FNews-Images%2FSupply%20Core%20Logo.png%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=471729e7)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3747:supplycore-awarded-u-s-army-jpeo-cbrnd-contract-to-protect-u-s-military-against-cbrn-threats&catid=12)

##  [SupplyCore Awarded U.S. Army JPEO-CBRND Contract to Protect U.S. Military Against CBRN Threats](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3747:supplycore-awarded-u-s-army-jpeo-cbrnd-contract-to-protect-u-s-military-against-cbrn-threats&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 23 September 2025.

SupplyCore, a trusted Department of Defense Prime Vendor and government contractor, is honored to announce its selection as an awarded Prime Vendor for the U.S. Army Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract, administered by the General Services Administration (GSA). This contract award highlights SupplyCore’s commitment to rapidly delivering essential, mission-focused solutions that strengthen readiness and counter emerging threats.

The five-year IDIQ contract provides a flexible and streamlined procurement framework for acquiring essential brand-name, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) CBRN supplies. This structure ensures JPEO-CBRND can efficiently deliver advanced technologies and personal protective equipment to service members, whenever and wherever they are needed.

“Enhancing the readiness and safety of our armed forces is at the heart of our mission,” said Ashley Slabaugh, SupplyCore VP, Business Development & TLS Programs. “Through this contract, we are proud to partner with JPEO-CBRND to address the ever-evolving defense challenges faced in complex, high-risk environments.”

Under this contract, SupplyCore will connect the warfighter with a comprehensive array of CBRN-related resources, including:

- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Systems

- Decontamination and Detection Technologies
- Toxic Industrial Material (TIC) Countermeasures

- Situational Awareness Tools
- Emerging Threat Solutions

For 37 years, SupplyCore has served the Department of Defense (DoD) and other government agencies by delivering reliable end-to-end supply chain solutions. By developing strong industry partnerships and scalable systems, SupplyCore ensures cost-efficient, on-time delivery while enhancing operational effectiveness for government customers. This partnership with JPEO-CBRND reinforces SupplyCore’s dedication to advancing national defense capabilities and safeguarding military personnel.

For more information about SupplyCore and GSA’s JPEO-CBRND contract, visit [https://www.supplycore.com/solutions/jpeo-cbrnd](https://www.globenewswire.com/Tracker?data=7uTRjm425Tu9r03raZf8M1fXtcwxmR8AuSLXslqNkAEY2sv2cCfc5Lm-NyCDAdDpL2l_dD0OlGc37_GnL4QSamu0e62q_77wR4LBm2BlkrlqhUipQLTTrAI1Nbc7PHwtRFTzcDioQkcSucI7RgemVFODAXwBM4A_7GW1YZptOk8=).

     ##  [Nuclear Institute and American Nuclear Society launch reciprocal membership agreement](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3745:nuclear-institute-and-american-nuclear-society-launch-reciprocal-membership-agreement&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 17 September 2025.

Nuclear Institute and American Nuclear Society (ANS) have announced a landmark partnership agreement to offer reciprocal membership to their communities.

At a time when the UK and US governments are working in close partnership to fast track the delivery of new modular reactors, the agreement allows members of both professional membership organisations to enjoy shared benefits.

The initiative has been designed to foster closer international collaboration, facilitate knowledge exchange, and advance professional development, reflecting the shared commitment of both organisations to advancing nuclear science, technology, and policy.

**Robert Gofton, CEO of the Nuclear Institute, said:** “Global cooperation is critical to addressing the challenges and opportunities of nuclear energy today and this agreement reflects the strong ties between the UK and US nuclear communities.

“By opening up reciprocal membership benefits, we are enabling professionals to expand their knowledge and take advantage of networks, and opportunities on both sides of the Atlantic, which will help to bolster both individuals and the sector as a whole.”

Under the agreement, Nuclear Institute members will be able to attend ANS conferences, events, and webinars at member rates, and vice versa, and have access to publications, resources and other benefits from both organisations.

Members of either the Nuclear Institute or ANS can [apply for free membership](https://nuclearinst.com/ans-ni-reciprocal-membership) through this agreement to enjoy the benefits of each organisation if they regularly travel to or are working in the UK or USA for business purposes.

**Craig Piercy, CEO of the American Nuclear Society, said:** “The nuclear professional community extends across borders, and our members are at the forefront of tackling shared challenges such as clean energy, lifesaving healthcare, innovation, and workforce development. This agreement with the Nuclear Institute enhances our ability to connect professionals worldwide, share expertise, and strengthen the impact of nuclear science and technology.”

For more information, visit [www.nuclearinst.com](http://www.nuclearinst.com/).

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/component/ajax/?p=image&src=%7B%22file%22%3A%22images%2FNews-Images%2Faerosol_dispersion_simuation_v4.1.png%22%2C%22thumbnail%22%3A%22%2C%22%7D&hash=77d6e8e4)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3742:rapid-communication-cbrne-implications-of-drone-incursions-in-europe&catid=12)

##  [Rapid communication – CBRNe implications of drone incursions in Europe](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3742:rapid-communication-cbrne-implications-of-drone-incursions-in-europe&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 16 September 2025.

Authors: Lars Thomsen, Soiwisa Soikum and Sergii Makovetskii

Gnacode Inc. 11 Sunrise Way SW, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1B4S3, Canada

Corresponding author: Lars Thomsen email: [](https://cbrneworld.com/javascript:/*%20This%20email%20address%20is%20being%20protected%20from%20spambots.*/)

Recent incursions in Europe by large numbers of drones reported in Poland the 10th of September 20251, and the 3rd of January in Denmark2 raises the concern that such devices could be utilized to disseminate biological weapons in aerosol format.

The Soviet Union developed a range of biological weapons and a large manufacturing capability employing 30000 people, although the Soviet Union in parallel signed the “1925 Geneva Protocol”, 1972/1975 Biological Weapons Convention.

The Soviet program Biopreparat had an annualized production capacity for weaponized smallpox of 90 to 100 tons. The cynical reasoning was that following the world wide eradication of smallpox and the concomitant stop of the Small pox immunization programs in the 1970’ies, the western European populations were becoming vulnerable to smallpox3.

Similarly, Russia signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC, 1993/1997) but it has been documented that the chemical agent chloropicrin has been used several times by Russian forces against Ukrainian troops at the Ukrainian/Russian front in violation of the CWC signed and ratified by Russia4. The Federal State Budgetary Institution 48th Central Scientific and Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (48TH TSNII) is the leading Russian Ministry of Defense scientific research institute responsible for Russian military protection against infectious diseases and biological threats. 48th TSNII and its facilities are associated with the Russian biological weapons program. 48th TSNII and its branches were previously added to the US Department of Commerce’s Entity List on August 27, 2020, and to the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) Section 231 List of Specified Persons on March 2, 20214.

Russia has planned and executed delivery of chemical agents, and one can assume that they might have similar plans for biological agents. The effective use of biological warfare agents has always been hampered by good delivery mechanisms, a fact that make the Japanese Army give up the use of biological agents in World War II5, and which later prompted the Soviet Union to develop missiles for delivery6. Small drones provide low-cost devices which can be used for effective and widespread dissemination of biological warfare agents over large areas, as well as being very hard to stop.

In a simulation scenario of a biological attack, we used the approximate geolocation of 10 sites in Poland widely published in various media as being the location of downed Gerbera drones used as decoys for larger drones. We simulated a spread of a 50 kg (110 lb) weapons grade biological agent per drone, which is the payload of the Iranian produced HESA Shahed 136 drone. A weapons grade powder of 50 kg (110 lb) can contain 5E16 CFU of Anthrax spiked with Smallpox per drone. We chose delivery as a single point dissemination, at a height of 10 meters, and we integrated the aerosol concentration from 0 to 4 meters above ground and tracked the spread over 24 hours, by a simple dispersion algorithm developed in Python and available wind data See Note 1.. In Poland the 10th of September the wind direction was west bound, whereas in the period 15th of August to 15th of September it has been east bound, except for the dates 8-10th of September. The results are shown in Figure 1.

 A simple measurement of area covered reveals that a single drone could in 24 hours affect 3-4% of the Polish land area, 10 drones as used in our simulation would affect 30-40% of the land, and 19 drones would affect 57-75% of the Polish land area. The 10th of September was characterized by low wind speeds of 4.75 m/sec which is ideal for effective dissemination. A combination payload of Anthrax and Smallpox would cause “inhalation anthrax” to develop with an incubation period of 5-6 days7 and cause widespread panic and people fleeing the affected areas. Smallpox with an incubation period of average 12 days8 will then be carried by infected refugees into the rest of Europe, with collapse of the healthcare system and other social structures, and mass casualties of millions of people within a period of 2-3 months.

Note 1: Open-source codes available at the company’s GitHub site, access can be given upon request.

1. Charlish, A., Kelly, L. & Erling, B. Poland downs drones in its airspace, becoming first NATO member to fire during war in Ukraine. *Reuters* (2025).
2. Danish police investigate mystery drone sightings – DW – 01/04/2025. *dw.com* https://www.dw.com/en/danish-police-investigate-mystery-drone-sightings/a-71217317.
3. Gronvall, G. K. Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare Edited by Zygmunt F. Dembek Falls Church, Virginia: Office of The Surgeon General, United States Army; Washington, DC: Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 2007. 694 pp., Illustrated. $72.25 (hardcover). *Clin. Infect. Dis.* **48**, 375–376 (2009).
4. Imposing New Measures on Russia for its Full-Scale War and Use of Chemical Weapons Against Ukraine. *United States Department of State* https://2021-2025.state.gov/imposing-new-measures-on-russia-for-its-full-scale-war-and-use-of-chemical-weapons-against-ukraine-2/.
5. *Biological and Toxin Weapons: Research, Development and Use from the Middle Ages to 1945*. (Oxford University Press, 1999).
6. Alibek, K. & Handelman, S. *Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World--Told from the Inside by the Man Who Ran It*. (Random House Publishing Group, 1999).
7. Shafazand, S., Doyle, R., Ruoss, S., Weinacker, A. & Raffin, T. A. Inhalational Anthrax: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management. *Chest* **116**, 1369–1376 (1999).
8. Simonsen, K. A. & Snowden, J. Smallpox. in *StatPearls* (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 2025).

![](https://cbrneworld.com/images/News-Images/aerosol_dispersion_simuation_v4.1.png)

     ##  [Burges Salmon publishes third edition of Guide to Nuclear Law as sector complexity and ambition grow](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3741:burges-salmon-publishes-third-edition-of-guide-to-nuclear-law-as-sector-complexity-and-ambition-grow&catid=12)

 Written by Gwyn Winfield on 11 September 2025.

Independent UK law firm Burges Salmon is proud to announce the launch of the third edition of its acclaimed *Guide to Nuclear Law*, the essential and highly regarded resource for all legal professionals and stakeholders operating across the nuclear sector. The guide delivers in-depth analysis and practical guidance on both UK and international nuclear law. It reflects Burges Salmon’s longstanding commitment to the nuclear sector in the UK and overseas and provides a clear text on the international nuclear law framework as well as commentary on the UK legal position.

First published in 2008, the guide has long been one of the few comprehensive texts in the field, offering authoritative insight into the legal frameworks that underpin the nuclear industry. Building on this legacy, the new issue provides updated commentary on regulatory developments, international treaties and conventions, and emerging technologies such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs). Ian Salter, partner at Burges Salmon, says: *“As the global energy landscape evolves, nuclear has a vital part to play in the broad mix of solutions to reach net-zero and deliver low-carbon, reliable power. This new edition of the guide which has many changes since the second edition reflects the dynamic legal and regulatory environment in which the sector operates, and we’re confident it will continue to serve as a trusted reference for clients and colleagues alike.”*

Ian Truman, partner at Burges Salmon, adds*: “The third edition is not just an update—it’s a response to the growing complexity and ambition of nuclear projects globally. From SMRs and AMRs to international collaboration and compliance, our aim is to provide a practical, forward-looking resource for legal practitioners and industry leaders.”*

     ##  [Bruhn News-tech](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3740:bruhn-news-tech&catid=12)

 Written by Gwyn Winfield on 11 September 2025.

Couple of bits of Bruhn Newtech news that we missed...

At the end of July it was announced that Adelis Equity Partners were their new majority shareholder, and a new European defence technology group had been created, called [Evallic](https://evallic.com/). “We are looking forward to joining the group. Adelis has an impressive background in supporting software companies to grow globally and we are excited to actively participate in the creation of a strong defence technology group. Furthermore, we are encouraged to see that they share our vision to make the world a safer place and better prepared for CBRN events”, say CEO Erik Juel Ellinghaus and Chairman Kristoffer Basse, who will both remain shareholders in the company.'

SeaCross, the Swedish provider of navigation software for high-speed operations in littoral, coastal and open waters, then joined Evallic as they also entered into a partnership with Adelis and its partners. "The group will support SeaCross to realise its growth ambitions and back the management team, led by Axel Törneman, to successfully scale its business. SeaCross marks the second investment of the group, after the announcement of the partnership with Bruhn NewTech in July."

Their latest acquisition, announced during the DSEi show, was Risk Aware, the UK software company that focussed on urban dispersion modelling. 'Through this acquisition, Evallic expands its capabilities in data-driven intelligence, and strengthens its presence in key domains such as cyber security, counter-drone and space situational awareness domains – areas that play an increasingly important role in modern defense. Riskaware will continue to operate with its commitment to innovation and customer excellence, now supported by the resources and reach of the broader Evallic group.

“Riskaware brings a unique set of capabilities that are highly complementary to our existing offerings and align with our strategic vision,” said Hampus Nestius at Evallic. “Their expertise in data analytics and modelling is impressive and Riskaware will strengthen our ability to deliver mission-critical solutions to our customers across Europe and beyond. We are excited to welcome the Riskaware team into the Evallic family and look forward to building on their impressive legacy.”

“Joining Evallic marks an exciting new chapter for Riskaware,” said Robert Gordon, CEO at Riskaware. “We have always been driven by a mission to deliver actionable intelligence through advanced analytics, and this partnership allows us to scale that mission further. Evallic’s vision and resources will empower us to accelerate innovation and expand our impact across defense and security domains.”'

     ##  [L3 Harris discusses T4 delivery at DSEI](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3739:l3-harris-talks-t4-delivery&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 10 September 2025.

At DSEI in London today, L3Harris invitied journalists along to learn more about the £32 million programme with Defence Equipment & Support (DE&S) for their T4™ high-tech bomb disposal robots.

Senior leaders from L3Harris and the MOD were available to speak about how the investment enhances Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) operations across the UK, Cyprus and Gibraltar.

Programme and MOD Highlights:

- L3Harris has begun delivery of 50 T4 Medium Uncrewed Ground Vehicles (UGVs) to the UK

Ministry of Defence (MOD) under a £32 million DE&S programme.

- The T4s will be operated by British Army and Royal Navy EOD teams and complement the in-service L3Harris T7™—creating synergies in training, maintenance and logistics.
- The programme is managed by the DE&S Specialist Vehicles & Uncrewed Land Systems

T4 Overview:

- Smaller, agile UGV enabling access in confined spaces while maintaining safe standoff from explosive hazards.
- Advanced controls, high-definition cameras and haptic feedback for precise remote operation in high-risk environments.
- Enhances the UK’s operational resilience and public safety by enabling threat neutralisation at a distance.

UK Sustainment:

- L3Harris has invested in a UK-based support team to provide through-life sustainment, reinforcing capability across its 12 UK sites and more than 1,400 employees.

       [![](https://cbrneworld.com/images/PlumeSIM_PC.png#thumbnail=%2C&srcset=1)](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3738:argon-electronics-wins-military-university-of-land-forces-contract-in-poland&catid=12)

##  [Argon Electronics wins Military University of Land Forces contract in Poland](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3738:argon-electronics-wins-military-university-of-land-forces-contract-in-poland&catid=12)

 Written by Gwyn Winfield on 09 September 2025.

Argon Electronics has been awarded a contract with Military University of Land Forces in Wroclaw, Poland. The UK-based training and simulation expert will support the military university to enhance their chemical warfare training capabilities through the provision of simulation tools for both localised and large-scale area training. Argon Electronics’ AP4C chemical detector simulator reacts to safe electronic sources that simulate toxic industrial substances, chemical vapours or false positives. It enables military units, security forces, first responders and industrial safety teams to experience realistic and comprehensive training experience without the risks associated with becoming exposed to live chemical agents. Instructors retain full control via a remote control unit that allows them to adjust wind direction, contamination levels to differentiate training and enables the creation of realistic scenarios that challenge the student and demand high levels of situational awareness.

The S4PE simulation unit works seamlessly with the AP4C simulator, also replicating toxic industrial substances, chemical vapours or false positives for training in controlled environments and public buildings. It offers participants a highly practical, safe and efficient way to prepare for real-life chemical hazard scenarios in conflict zones and elsewhere. Features include confidence testing and surface sample collecting with warm-up cycles. The simulator provides practice in contamination, decontamination and persistence scenarios. Both of these simulators work with PlumeSIM, Argon’s innovative wide area training system that creates realistic hazard plumes and hotspots, allowing instructors to manage a variety of threat scenarios in real time.

Finally, Argon Electronics is providing the Military University of Land Forces with CBRN and HazMat training, along with specialist support in using the simulators to enhance their students’ training. Argon Electronics worked with its representative in Poland, Megmar Logistics & Consulting Sp. z o.o to secure the contract and provide after-sales support.

     ##  [Yemeni minister accuses Houthi rebels of manufacturing chemical weapons](https://cbrneworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3730:yemeni-minister-accuses-houthi-rebels-of-manufacturing-chemical-weapons&catid=12)

 Written by Zoe Rutherford on 08 September 2025.

Orginally published by The National <https://www.thenationalnews.com>

Moammar Eryani, Yemen’s Minister of Information, has accused [Houthi rebels](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/31/netanyahu-boasts-of-fatal-blow-to-houthis-after-groups-prime-minister-killed/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/31/netanyahu-boasts-of-fatal-blow-to-houthis-after-groups-prime-minister-killed/") of manufacturing chemical weapons from smuggled components.

He told *The National* his assessment was based on recent intelligence from several sources, marking the first direct accusation of its kind from a Yemeni government official.

“The Houthi terrorist militia has established a factory for producing chemical weapons, under the direct supervision and management of Iranian experts,” said Mr Eryani.

“The Tehran regime recently smuggled toxic gases and materials used in their manufacture, in batches, into areas under its control,” he added. “Our confirmed sources indicate that [the militia](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/29/who-are-the-houthi-leaders-on-israels-hit-list/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/29/who-are-the-houthi-leaders-on-israels-hit-list/") has already begun preparing those deadly materials and mounting them on ballistic missiles and drones.”

The Houthis, a heavily armed militia, control Yemen's capital Sanaa and much of the country’s north and west. Since the civil war began in 2014, the group has steadily expanded its arsenal, posing a major threat to [neighbouring states](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uae/2025/09/03/yemen-attack-10-years-on-remembering-when-the-uae-lost-some-of-its-bravest/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uae/2025/09/03/yemen-attack-10-years-on-remembering-when-the-uae-lost-some-of-its-bravest/") and international shipping.

Until the end of 2018, the Houthis relied on ballistic missiles seized from Yemeni army stockpiles. Over the past five years, however, they have shifted to long-range explosive drones capable of evading radar.

Many of their weapons were initially based on Iranian designs or directly supplied by Tehran, but reports suggest the Houthis have since become largely [self-sufficient](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/12/30/yemens-houthis-preparing-for-long-battle-with-israel-and-us-even-if-current-war-ends-sources-say/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/12/30/yemens-houthis-preparing-for-long-battle-with-israel-and-us-even-if-current-war-ends-sources-say/") in building and developing their arsenal.

“This constitutes an extremely dangerous escalation and a flagrant violation of international law, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the relevant Security Council resolutions on Yemen,” said Mr Eryani.

“The introduction of internationally prohibited weapons into the Houthi militia's arsenal goes beyond the traditional threat posed by ballistic missiles and drones. It places the region and the world before catastrophic scenarios,” he added.

*The National* contacted the office of the UN special envoy to Yemen as well as US and UK entities involved in Yemen policy, but received no immediate response.

Two Yemeni sources close to the government confirmed that a confidential report had recently been sent to the presidency, detailing suspected sites where the Houthis may be producing banned weapons.

Both sources said the smuggled shipments arrived some time this year. One added that another shipment, this time conventional weapons, was intercepted last month by Yemeni forces. Captured smugglers allegedly admitted to previous attempts to move chemical precursors and prohibited weapons components into the country.

The US has praised Yemeni forces under[ Gen Tariq Saleh](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/15/us-praises-yemeni-forces-led-by-tariq-saleh-for-foiling-houthi-weapons-smuggling-attempt/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/08/15/us-praises-yemeni-forces-led-by-tariq-saleh-for-foiling-houthi-weapons-smuggling-attempt/"), nephew of the late president Ali Abdullah Saleh, for intercepting the same shipment at Aden port. Central Command said the operation uncovered drones, jet propulsion systems, wireless devices and advanced control components.

The cargo, bound for the Houthi-controlled Red Sea port of Hodeidah, was confiscated during a joint inspection by counterterrorism, customs and police units, in co-ordination with the public prosecutor and port authorities.

 **'Secret laboratories'**Mr Eryani called on the UN, the Security Council, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and all international parties to take “urgent and effective action to stop these grave violations, investigate the smuggling of chemical materials and provide real support to the legitimate government to restore the state and extend its authority over all Yemeni territory”.

Former Yemeni army generals previously told *The National* that Iran has become adept at resupplying the group by smuggling at sea, using civilian vessels, and moving supplies to remote inlets and ports.

Like Hezbollah in Lebanon and various armed factions in Iraq, the Houthis are part of the so-called “[Axis of Resistance](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/12/13/irans-axis-of-resistance-beaten-broken-not-eradicated/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/12/13/irans-axis-of-resistance-beaten-broken-not-eradicated/")” – an Iran-led coalition of militant groups in the region. The alliance has been significantly weakened in the past year, particularly following the assassination of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, widely regarded as its central figure, and Iran’s most senior general at the start of the recent war with Israel.

The US has long accused Iran of supplying the Houthis with weapons and components to build missiles and drones. In early 2015, senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commander Esmail Ghani, who now heads the powerful Quds Force, went on record to say “those defending Yemen have been trained under the flag of the Islamic Republic”, but denied smuggling weapons to the war-torn country.

“It is clear that the Iranian project goes further, turning Yemeni territory into secret laboratories for producing and testing toxic, chemical, and biological agents,” said Mr Eryani.

Since the war in Gaza began, the Houthis have sought to expand their regional role by attacking what they claim are Israel-linked vessels in the Red Sea and firing missiles and drones towards Israel.

Last week, Israel killed at least 10 Houthi civilian [government officials](https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/09/01/funeral-for-houthi-pm-killed-in-israeli-strike/ "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/09/01/funeral-for-houthi-pm-killed-in-israeli-strike/"), including the group’s prime minister in their unrecognised government, in an escalation that underlined the militia’s emergence as a growing global security threat.

In the Middle East, chemical weapons have ranged from advanced nerve agents like sarin to mustard gas. But making those weapons requires specific industrial precursors, specialised equipment, and trained chemists.

The chemicals themselves are often dual-use, meaning they have legitimate applications in agriculture or industry but can also be refined into weaponised agents.

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